Power Industry

發(fā)電行業(yè)維護與維修焊接解決方案

Heat and Corrosion - MWA International Ltd. has worked alongside the power industry for a number of years to such an extent that we have recently redeveloped an entire range of Nickel Alloys to aid the maintenance engineer in this field. The Steel grades within the power industry may vary from Carbon / Manganese grades such as Inconels and Nimonics.

熱和腐蝕 - MWA公司與電力行業(yè)合作多年，最近我們重新開發(fā)了一整套鎳合金，以協(xié)助該領(lǐng)域的維護工程師工作。電力行業(yè)用的鋼種可能不同于碳/錳鋼種，如Inconels鉻鎳鐵合金和Nimonics鎳鐵鈦合金等。

When considering weld repairs within the power industry it is important to remember the rapid changes in engineering steels  recently. Where AISI 316 stainless steel was undoubtedly a major barrier  against corrosion as little as 20 years ago, it would be safe to say it has been surpassed by the superalloys such as Inconel, Hastalloy and Nimonics in recent times. Similarly the days of carbon steels has been updated by the use of modern day materials such as carbon manganese steels and low alloy steels such as 1% Cr/Mo and 2% Cr/Mo.

在考慮電力行業(yè)內(nèi)的焊接修復(fù)時，重要的是要記住最近工程鋼的快速變化。早在20年前，AISI 316不銹鋼無疑是防止腐蝕的主要屏障，但可以肯定的是，它已經(jīng)被Inconel、Hastalloy和Nimonics等高溫合金(超合金)所超越。同樣，碳鋼的時代也隨著現(xiàn)代材料的使用而更新，如碳錳鋼和低合金鋼，如1%Cr/Mo和2%Cr/Mo。

With this in mind it is important we do not fall into the trap of assumption. Always ascertain which materials are to be welded before making a final decision.

考慮到這一點，我們不要落入錯誤的假設(shè)是很重要的。在做出最終決定之前，務(wù)必確定要焊接哪些材料。

MWA International Ltd. - Our aim is always to save  companies money, we do this by reclaiming casting defects, reducing down-time and increasing the life of worn parts. This guide will isolate some of the more common problem areas within your industry, (see list below). Using our specialist knowledge we are able to provide solutions to problems and in doing so generate large cost savings for your company.

MWA公司 - 我們的目標(biāo)始終是通過修復(fù)鑄件缺陷、減少停機時間和提高磨損零件的使用壽命來為客戶節(jié)省資金。本指南將列出您所在行業(yè)中一些常見的問題領(lǐng)域（請參閱下面的列表）。利用我們的專業(yè)知識，我們能夠為客戶提供有針對性的解決方案，從而節(jié)省大量成本。

Team Work - We look upon ourselves as an extension to your maintenance department or workshop. We try to understand your needs and adapt ourselves accordingly. We hope that by working together we can help improve the performance of your maintenance department and ultimately save you money.

團隊合作 - 我們視自己為客戶維修部門或車間的延伸。我們努力了解客戶的需求，并相應(yīng)地調(diào)整自己。我們希望通過合作，可以幫助客戶提高維修部門的績效，并最終為客戶節(jié)省資金。

Problems & Solutions

問題與解決方案

As a manufacturer we pride ourselves in not only supplying the right product for the job but also in ensuring that the correct methods of application are used before, during and after welding.

作為一家制造商，我們不僅提供正確的焊接產(chǎn)品，而且確保在焊接之前、期間和之后使用正確的應(yīng)用方法，我們?yōu)榇烁械阶院馈?/span>

1. Turbine Casings - Generally made of low alloy steel, occasionally 5% or 9% chrome. By matching up the original steel grade they an be repaired easily and safely using electrodes such as Mac Trode E6718, Mac Trode E6918, Mac Trode E6502, Mac Trode E6505.

渦輪機殼 - 通常由低合金鋼制成，有時含有5%或9%的鉻。通過匹配原始鋼等級，可以使用諸如錳鋼焊條Mac Trode E6718、Mac Trode E6918、特種鋼焊條Mac Trode E6502和Mac Trode E6505等焊條輕松安全地對其進行修復(fù)。

2. Steam Chests - Most are of a standard stainless steel grade such as AISI 304 or AISI 316 or occasionally an Inconel grade 625, these can be repaired by using the correct repair method and electrodes such as Mac Stain E100 ELC, Mac Stain E101, Mac Nicro E213.

蒸汽室 - 大多數(shù)為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不銹鋼等級，如AISI 304或AISI 316，或偶爾為鉻鎳鐵合金等級Inconel 625，可使用正確的修復(fù)方法和焊條，如不銹鋼焊條Mac Stain E100 ELC、Mac Stain E101，及鎳合金焊條Mac Nicro E213進行修復(fù)。

3. Bolts - Whilst bolts may appear a trivial repair to the untrained they are a common cause of failure. They are readily repaired using Mac Trode E6410 NM or Mac Nicro E213.

螺栓 - 雖然螺栓對未受過培訓(xùn)的人來說可能只是一種微不足道的維修，但它們卻是導(dǎo)致故障的常見原因。 它們很容易使用特殊鋼焊條Mac Trode E6410 NM或鎳合金焊條Mac Nicro E213修復(fù)。

4. Blades (Low, Intermediate and High Pressure) - There are usually two modes of failure in relation to blades, either failure by cracking or failure due to wear caused by abrasion. To repair a broken blade the choice of electrode would be governed by the base material, either Mac Trode E6410 NM or Mac Nicro E213. To hard face the blade edges Mac Hica E3072 would give the desired abrasion resistance and heat resistance.

刀片（低壓、中壓和高壓） - 刀片通常有兩種失效模式：開裂和磨損。為了修復(fù)破損的刀片，焊材的選擇取決于母材種類，使用特種鋼焊條Mac Trode E6410 NM或鎳合金焊條Mac Nicro E213。對于堆焊刀片邊緣，鈷基工模具焊條Mac Hica E3072(Stellite司太立6號)將提供所需的耐磨性和耐熱性。

5. Superheaters - These can be made from any one of a number of materials. The choice of consumable would depend on the base material, options would include Mac Stain E100 ELC, Mac Trode E6410 NM, Mac Trode E6502, Mac Trode E6505 and Mac Nicro E213.

過熱器 - 這些可以由多種材料中的任何一種制成。焊材的選擇取決于母材類型，包括不銹鋼焊條Mac Stain E100 ELC、特種鋼焊條Mac Trode E6410 NM、Mac Trode E6502、Mac Trode E6505和鎳合金焊條Mac Nicro E213。

6. Pipework - These can be made from any one of a number of materials. The choice of consumable would depend on the base material, options would include Mac Stain E100 ELC, Mac Trode E6718, Mac Trode E6410 NM, Mac Trode E6502, Mac Trode E6505 and Mac Nicro E213.

管道 - 這些可以由多種材料中的任何一種制成。耗材的選擇取決于基材，選項包括不銹鋼焊條Mac Stain E100 ELC、錳鋼焊條Mac Trode E6718、特種鋼焊條Mac Trode E6410 NM、Mac Trode E6502、Mac Trode E6505和鎳合金焊條Mac Nicro E213。

7. Furnace Repairs - Due to the excessive working temperatures, many parts are prone to cracking and spalling. Using specialised Inconel, hastalloy and Stainless Steel electrodes such as Mac Nicro E213, Mac Nicro E215 and Mac Stain E102, these parts can be repaired easily, leaving them better prepared to withstand such elevated temperatures.

熔爐維修 - 由于工作溫度過高，熔爐許多零件容易開裂和剝落。使用專用的鉻鎳鐵合金Inconel如Mac Nicro E213焊條、哈氏合金hastalloy如Mac Nicro E215焊條和不銹鋼焊條Mac-Stain E102等，這些零件可以很容易地修復(fù)，使它們能夠更好地承受這種高溫。

8. Reheater Tubes - Again, maybe made from a variety of materials depending upon the age of the plant concerned. To combat corrosion and heat the electrodes for this application would be Mac Stain E100 ELC, Mac Stain E102, Mac Trode E6410 NM, Mac Nicro E213 and Mac Nicro E215.

再熱器管 - 同樣，可能由多種材料制成，取決于相關(guān)設(shè)備的生產(chǎn)年代。為了對抗腐蝕和熱，這種應(yīng)用的焊條將是不銹鋼焊條Mac Stain E100 ELC和Mac Stain E102、特殊鋼焊條Mac Trode E6410 NM、以及鎳合金焊條Mac Nicro E213和Mac Nicro E215。

9. Pump Bodies - These will usually be made from either cast iron or some grade of stainless steel. It is very important that the correct method is used in order to achieve a permanent and sound repair and to avoid cracking. Electrodes for this application would include Mac Cast E406, Mac Cast E407, Mac Stain E100 ELC or Mac Nicro E213.

泵體 - 這些通常由鑄鐵或某種等級的不銹鋼制成。使用正確的焊接方法以實現(xiàn)永久和良好的修復(fù)并避免開裂非常重要。此應(yīng)用的焊條包括鑄鐵焊條Mac Cast E405和Mac Cast E407，不銹鋼焊條Mac Stain E100 ELC或鎳合金焊條Mac Nicro E213。

10. Exhausters - These will be either cast iron or a high quality heat resistant material. On this particular application a higher grade cast iron such as Mac cast E405 or Mac Nicro E213 is required.

排氣機 - 這些材料可以是鑄鐵，也可以是高質(zhì)量的耐熱材料。在這種特殊應(yīng)用中，需要更高等級的鑄鐵焊材，如鑄鐵焊條Mac Cast E405或鎳合金焊條Mac Nicro E213。

11. Heat Exchangers/Generator Tubes - Generally made of a high grade heat resistant steel and would be repaired by Mac Nicro E203 or Mac Nicro E213.

熱交換器/發(fā)電機管 - 通常由高等級耐熱鋼制成，可由鎳合金焊條Mac Nicro E203或Mac Nicro E213進行維修。

12. Turbine Rings - Are often worn due to the high pressures and friction they are easily repaired using electrodes such as Mac Trode E6410 NM or Mac Nicro E213.

渦輪環(huán) - 通常由于高壓和摩擦造成磨損，使用諸如特種鋼焊條Mac Trode E6410 NM或鎳合金焊條Mac Nicro E213等很容易修復(fù)。

13. Volute Casings - These will usually be a ni-hard material and are subject to excess abrasion. There is no pre-heat required when welding these parts and either Mac Cast E405 or Mac Cast E407 may be used. Avoid excess heat build when welding, therefore, use the ‘back step’ process to minimise heat build up and cracking.

蝸形體 - 通常是含鎳鑄鐵材料，并且會受到過度磨損。焊接這些零件時不需要預(yù)熱，可以使用鑄鐵焊條Mac Cast E405或E407。避免焊接時產(chǎn)生過多熱量，因此，采用“退焊法”工藝將熱量積聚和開裂降至最少。

14. Clinker Grinders - These will be found in the Cold Handling Plant and their main wear property is abrasion from the coal. To combat this use Mac Trode E6130 as a buffering layer, (build up to within 2 layers of finished profile). Then cap off with Mac Hard E335T.

熟料粉碎機 - 這些會在冷處理設(shè)備中發(fā)現(xiàn)，它們的主要磨損特性是來自煤炭的磨損。為了解決這個問題，使用特種鋼焊條Mac Trode E6130作為緩沖層（1-2層），然后用硬面堆焊焊條Mac Hard E335T封蓋

15. Coal Burner Nozzles - Elevated temperatures cause distortion. The nozzles are also subject to abrasion. To ensure best results remove spalled material and do not pre or post heat. Use either Mac Nicro E203, Mac Nicro E213 or Mac Stain E102.

煤粉燃燒器噴嘴 - 溫度升高會導(dǎo)致變形，噴嘴也會受到磨損。為確保達到滿意的效果，請去除損壞的材料，不要預(yù)熱或焊后熱處理。使用鎳合金焊條Mac Nicro E203、Mac Nicro E213或耐熱不銹鋼焊條Mac Stain E102。