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醋酸纖維素 cellulose acetate;CA
系纖維素分子中羥基用醋酸酯化后得到的一種化學(xué)改性的天然高聚物。其性能取決于乙?;潭取?/span>
市售產(chǎn)品可分為一般的醋酸纖維素(乙?;?/span>37%~40%)。常加入增塑劑用作注塑制件如牙刷把、刷子等。高乙酰含量的醋酸纖維素(乙?;?/span>40%~42%),白色粒狀、粉狀或棉狀固體。對(duì)光穩(wěn)定,不易燃燒,在稀酸、汽油、礦物油和植物油中穩(wěn)定,在三氯甲烷中溶脹,溶于丙酮、醋酸甲酯等,能為稀堿液侵蝕,具有堅(jiān)韌、透明、光澤好等優(yōu)點(diǎn),熔融流動(dòng)性好,易成型加工。二氯甲烷均相法采用精制棉短絨和醋酐,以乙酰硫酸為觸媒,在溶劑二氯甲烷存在下進(jìn)行酯化,部分水解,可得到結(jié)合醋酸含量在60%±0.5%范圍內(nèi)的醋酸纖維素。傳統(tǒng)方法是將精制棉短絨干燥,用醋酸活化,在硫酸觸媒存在下,用醋酸和醋酐混合液乙?;?,然后加稀醋酸水解到所屬之取代度,中和觸媒,沉析,脫酸洗滌,精煮干燥得成品。經(jīng)部分水解的稱二醋酸纖維素,酯化度γ值220~270。未經(jīng)水解的,即酯化度γ值為300者稱三醋酸纖維素。二醋酸纖維素塑料可做各類工具手柄、計(jì)算機(jī)及打字機(jī)的字母數(shù)字鍵、電話機(jī)殼、汽車方向盤、紡織器材零件、收音機(jī)開關(guān)及絕緣件、筆桿、眼鏡架及鏡片、玩具、日用雜品等,也可做海水淡化膜。三醋酸纖維素,其熔點(diǎn)高,只能配成溶液后加工,用作電影膠片片基、X光片基、絕緣薄膜電磁、錄音帶、透明容器、銀鋅電池中的隔膜等。
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