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三、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化與模塊化的意義
通過(guò)對(duì)S3MART的定義,我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn),結(jié)合軟件,我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)于智能機(jī)器開(kāi)發(fā)而言,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化和模塊化是關(guān)鍵,因?yàn)闃?biāo)準(zhǔn)化和模塊化的軟件帶來(lái)了我們所說(shuō)的S3MART的每個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)要素。
1.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的意義
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化(Standardization)對(duì)于機(jī)器開(kāi)發(fā)而言就是要解決簡(jiǎn)單(Simplictiy)、可靠(Reliablity)、Technology(工藝)的問(wèn)題,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的軟件使得代碼重用性提高,通過(guò)封裝減少實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)器開(kāi)發(fā)的簡(jiǎn)化,并通過(guò)封裝的過(guò)程對(duì)其測(cè)試驗(yàn)證確保其可靠的軟件應(yīng)用,而標(biāo)準(zhǔn)封裝也確保了Technology-核心技術(shù)的保護(hù),因此,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化是智能機(jī)器開(kāi)發(fā)的基礎(chǔ)。
2.模塊化設(shè)計(jì)
模塊化(Modularity)就是模塊化的軟件設(shè)計(jì),它是為了解決可用性Avaliability的問(wèn)題,智能機(jī)器集成至產(chǎn)線(xiàn)必須具有柔性,而模塊化軟件則讓機(jī)器的應(yīng)用程序可以被按照需求搭建,這樣可以形成不同的應(yīng)用組合,也使得機(jī)器實(shí)現(xiàn)智能—模塊化本身就是實(shí)現(xiàn)智能的一個(gè)方面。
機(jī)器開(kāi)發(fā)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化和個(gè)性化本身就是矛盾的,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化降低成本卻往往會(huì)使得靈活性受到限制,那么兩者的融合便是機(jī)器開(kāi)發(fā)的未來(lái),通過(guò)不同的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模塊組合,可以實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)器開(kāi)發(fā)的靈活性,例如:貝加萊的mapp技術(shù),即是按此設(shè)計(jì),而mapp則是結(jié)合PLCopen的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化和其自身的擴(kuò)展行業(yè)庫(kù)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)器應(yīng)用的封裝。
四、PLCopen與智能機(jī)器開(kāi)發(fā)的結(jié)合
我們對(duì)SMART進(jìn)行了理解,也對(duì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化和模塊化進(jìn)行了融合,我們?cè)賮?lái)看PLCopen,更有利于我們認(rèn)識(shí)其價(jià)值。
事實(shí)上,基于PLCopen的開(kāi)發(fā)是被廣泛應(yīng)用的,目前國(guó)際知名的自動(dòng)化廠商如SIEMENS、B&R等均對(duì)PLCopen進(jìn)行了支持,PLCopen可以實(shí)現(xiàn)未來(lái)智能制造時(shí)代對(duì)于軟件開(kāi)發(fā)的全面勝任能力:
PLCopen IEC61131-3包括了對(duì)邏輯控制的基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)言與功能塊;
PLCopen Motion則包含了基礎(chǔ)運(yùn)動(dòng)控制、協(xié)同運(yùn)動(dòng)控制(機(jī)器人與CNC)、液壓控制;
PLCopen OPC UA實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)M2M、B2M的互聯(lián)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),滿(mǎn)足智能制造與工業(yè)4.0時(shí)代的機(jī)器互聯(lián)需求;
PLCopen XML則針對(duì)未來(lái)的設(shè)備描述,例如工藝配方、生產(chǎn)制程數(shù)據(jù)的管理等;
PLCopen組織是一個(gè)公益性組織,獨(dú)立性確保了在利益平衡上的優(yōu)勢(shì),也因此得以為眾多廠商普遍支持,未來(lái),專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)生可以通過(guò)PLCopen的編程開(kāi)發(fā)思想對(duì)不同的企業(yè)的控制器進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí),并實(shí)際開(kāi)發(fā)應(yīng)用。
相對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)上學(xué)習(xí)某家廠商產(chǎn)品的模式,PLCopen更具潛力,更符合智能制造時(shí)代的產(chǎn)業(yè)需求。
PLCopen ,例如圖中的狀態(tài)機(jī)即時(shí)PLCopen Motion對(duì)于機(jī)器控制的理解,它本身也是一種很好的系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方法論,運(yùn)動(dòng)控制是由不同的狀態(tài)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)切換的,回零、連續(xù)運(yùn)動(dòng)、同步運(yùn)動(dòng)、間歇運(yùn)動(dòng)、急停、停止、待機(jī),如果我們?nèi)ダ斫鈾C(jī)器的話(huà),我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)不管是多么復(fù)雜的機(jī)器,其本身的過(guò)程均是由PLCopen所定義的不同狀態(tài)構(gòu)成的,并且進(jìn)行切換,那么,我們可以使用PLCopen的狀態(tài)機(jī)思想來(lái)開(kāi)發(fā)設(shè)備的運(yùn)動(dòng)控制過(guò)程,無(wú)論使用哪家公司的產(chǎn)品,其設(shè)計(jì)思想?yún)s是統(tǒng)一而且規(guī)范的,那么,對(duì)于學(xué)生而言,學(xué)習(xí)一個(gè)方法就可以應(yīng)用于各種應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域。
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